[Values of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in the pediatric population and risk of thrombosis]. / Valores de colesterol HDL en la población infantil y riesgo trombótico.

INTRODUCTION: There is evidence of the protective effect of high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol against atheroma plaque formation and of its role in cholesterol efflux from cells, as well as its anti-oxidative and inflammatory modulating response properties. Low HDL-cholesterol levels have been associated with a prothrombotic state. OBJECTIVE: To determine the relationship between HDL-cholesterol and lipidic and hemostatic parameters. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We studied 110 children (50 girls, 60 boys) aged between 6 and 7 years old. Lipid profile, D-dimer, plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI) and fibrinogen were determined. RESULTS: The mean values of the studied parameters were as follows: total cholesterol (192.92+/-26.01 mg/dl), HDL-cholesterol (72.87+/-15.69 mg/dl), low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (109.46+/-23.30 mg/dl), triglycerides (56.24+/-20.35 mg/dl), apolipoprotein B (91.96+/-14.93 mg/dl), apolipoprotein A1 (168.4+/-24.55 mg/dl), lipoprotein(a) logarithm (1.76+/-1.36 mg/dl), plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 logarithm (PAI-1) (3.77+/-3.93 U/ml), D-dimer logarithm (5.53+/-0.49 ng/ml) and fibrinogen (268.61+/-48.59 mg/dl). When the sample was divided into two groups according to HDL-cholesterol levels, children with lower levels showed significantly higher values of total cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol, fibrinogen and PAI. HDL-cholesterol levels were directly and significantly associated with total cholesterol and apolipoprotein A1 and negatively and significantly associated with the total cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol ratio, fibrinogen and PAI. CONCLUSION: The children studied had high HDL-cholesterol levels, which could be responsible for the high total cholesterol levels. High values of HDL-cholesterol are significantly associated with a reduction in thrombotic risk.

Valores de colesterol HDL en la población infantil y riesgo trombótico / Values of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in the pediatric population and risk of thrombosis

Introducción Existen evidencias del papel protector que el colesterol unido a lipoproteínas de alta densidad (c-HDL) puede ejercer frente a la formación de la placa de ateroma y de su implicación en el transporte reverso de colesterol, así como de sus propiedades antioxidantes y moduladoras de la respuesta inflamatoria. También se han relacionado concentraciones bajas con un estado protrombótico. Objetivo Determinar la relación existente entre el c-HDL y los parámetros lipídicos y hemostáticos. Pacientes y métodos Un total de 110 niños (50 niñas, 60 niños) de entre 6 y 7 años. Se determinó el perfil lipídico, dímero-D, inhibidor del activador del plasminógeno y fibrinógeno. Resultados Los valores medios de los parámetros estudiados fueron colesterol total (192,92 ± 26,01 mg/dl), c-HDL (72,87 ± 15,69 mg/dl), colesterol unido a lipoproteínas de baja densidad (c-LDL) (109,46 ± 23,30 mg/dl), triglicéridos (56,24 ± 20,35 mg/dl), apolipoproteína B (apo B) (91,96 ± 14,93 mg/dl), apo A1 (168,4 ± 24,55 mg/dl), logaritmo lipoproteína(a) (1,76 ± 1,36 mg/dl), logaritmo del inhibidor del activador del plasminógeno tipo 1 (PAI-1) (3,77 ± 3,93 U/ml), logaritmo del dímero-D (5,53 ± 0,49 ng/ml) y fibrinógeno (268,61 ± 48,59 mg/dl). Al dividir la muestra en dos grupos, atendiendo a las concentraciones de c-HDL, los niños con valores más bajos presentaron concentraciones más elevadas y estadísticamente significativas de colesterol total/c-HDL, fibrinógeno y PAI. Los valores de c-HDL se asociaron directa y significativamente con colesterol total y apo A1 e inversa y significativamente con el cociente colesterol total/c-HDL, fibrinógeno y el PAI. Conclusión La población infantil estudiada presentó valores elevados de c-HDL, y éstos pudieron ser los responsables del incremento de colesterol total. Aumentos en su concentración se asociaron de manera significativa con una disminución del riesgo trombótico

Introduction There is evidence of the protective effect of high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol against atheroma plaque formation and of its role in cholesterol efflux from cells, as well as its anti-oxidative and inflammatory modulating response properties. Low HDL-cholesterol levels have been associated with a prothrombotic state. Objective To determine the relationship between HDL-cholesterol and lipidic and hemostatic parameters. Patients and methods We studied 110 children (50 girls, 60 boys) aged between 6 and 7 years old. Lipid profile, D-dimer, plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI) and fibrinogen were determined. Results The mean values of the studied parameters were as follows: total cholesterol (192.92 ± 26.01 mg/dl), HDL-cholesterol (72.87 ± 15.69 mg/dl), low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (109.46 ± 23.30 mg/dl), triglycerides (56.24 ± 20.35 mg/dl), apolipoprotein B (91.96 ± 14.93 mg/dl), apolipoprotein A1 (168.4 ± 24.55 mg/dl), lipoprotein(a) logarithm (1.76 ± 1.36 mg/dl), plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 logarithm (PAI-1) (3.77 ± 3.93 U/ml), D-dimer logarithm (5.53 ± 0.49 ng/ml) and fibrinogen (268.61 ± 48.59 mg/dl).When the sample was divided into two groups according to HDL-cholesterol levels, children with lower levels showed significantly higher values of total cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol, fibrinogen and PAI. HDL-cholesterol levels were directly and significantly associated with total cholesterol and apolipoprotein A1 and negatively and significantly associated with the total cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol ratio, fibrinogen and PAI. Conclusion The children studied had high HDL-cholesterol levels, which could be responsible for the high total cholesterol levels. High values of HDL-cholesterol are significantly associated with a reduction in thrombotic risk

[Correlation of lipid profiles and anthropometric variables with serum lipoprotein(a) levels in childhood]. / Correlación de los perfiles lipoproteicos y variables antropométricas con concentraciones séricas de lipoproteína(a) en la infancia.

The aim of the present study was to evaluate lipoprotein(a) distribution in children and to assess its association with lipid profile and anthropometric variables. We studied 98 children (44 girls and 54 boys) with ages ranging from 6 to 7 years, who were included in an epidemiological study on the prevalence of hypercholesterolemia in children in the province of Biscay. The following parameters were determined: weight and height, body mass index, lipoprotein(a), and lipid profile. Lipid profile included total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol, triglycerides, apolipoprotein B, and apolipoprotein A1. The mean and median serum lipoprotein(a) levels were 13.07 and 5.56 mg/dl respectively and were 11.43 and 3.92 mg/dl for boys and 15.09 and 8.32 mg/dl for girls. Lipoprotein(a) concentrations > 30 mg/dl were found in 7.4% of the boys and in 11.4% of the girls. The mean values and prevalences of lipoprotein(a) > 30 mg/dl were lower in boys than in girls but these differences were not statistically significant. A positive correlation was found between lipid profile (LDL-cholesterol, apolipoprotein B and LDL-cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol index) and lipoprotein(a) levels. When evaluating anthropometric variables, we found a statistically significant inverse correlation between weight and lipoprotein(a). In view of the cumulative effect of cardiovascular risk factors and the results of this study, we believe that lipoprotein(a) determination should be considered in children with an unfavorable lipid profile.

Factores de riesgo cardiovascular asociados a hipertensión arterial en mujeres según la edad / Cardiovascular risk factors associated with hypertension in women as a function of age

Introducción y objetivo. La hipertensión arterial es uno de los factores de riesgo más prevalente y poderoso para el desarrollo de enfermedad cardiovascular arteriosclerosa. El objetivo de este trabajo ha sido conocer la prevalencia de la hipertensión arterial y la diferente influencia de los factores de riesgo cardiovascular asociados a la hipertensión arterial en mujeres, dependiendo de la edad. Material y métodos. Mil trescientas diecisiete mujeres con edad comprendida entre los 16-65 años, ambos inclusive, representativas de la población femenina de esta edad de Vizcaya. A cada una de las participantes se les determinó: presión arterial, peso y talla para calcular el índice de masa corporal, colesterol total, colesterol ligado a lipoproteína de alta densidad, colesterol ligado a lipoproteína de baja densidad, triglicéridos y glucosa. Atendiendo a la edad, la muestra se dividió en 5 grupos por décadas de vida. Resultados. Acudieron 1.100 mujeres (83,5 %) con una edad media de 39,83 ± 13,99 años. La prevalencia de hipertensión arterial global fue 26,62 %, siendo los valores medios de presión arterial sistólica y presión arterial diastólica de 124,8 ± 21,8 y 78,3 ± 12,5 mmHg. Encontramos una asociación estadística, altamente significativa, entre la hipertensión arterial y la edad. El único factor de riesgo asociado a la hipertensión presente en todas las décadas de vida estudiadas ha sido el índice de masa corporal. Conclusiones. La prevalencia de hipertensión arterial en las mujeres de Vizcaya es semejante a la encontrada en otros estudios de ámbito nacional. El índice de masa corporal es el factor que más precozmente se asocia a la hipertensión, con lo que todas las medidas preventivas orientadas a controlar su incremento contribuirían de forma notable a la prevención de la hipertensión

Introduction and aim. Hypertension is one of the most prevalent and dangerous risk factors for the development of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of hypertension, and different ways in which associated cardiovascular risk factors influence hypertension, in women as a function of age. Materials and methods. Representative sample of 1,317 women in Biscay between the ages of 16 and 65. For each participant there was determined the following: blood pressure, weight and height in order to calculate body mass index (BMI), total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, LDL- cholesterol, triglyceride and glucose levels. Age consideration was made through a division of the sample into five 10-year groups. Results. 1,100 women (83.5 %) with an average age of 39.83 ± 13.99 years responded. The global prevalence of hypertension was 26.62 %, with average values of SBP and DBP being 124.8 ± 21.8 and 78.3 ± 12.5 mmHg, respectively. There was found a highly significant statistical correlation between hypertension and age. The only risk factor for hypertension found in all age groups was BMI. Conclusions. The prevalence of female hypertension in Biscay is similar to that found nationally. BMI is the factor which is earliest associated with hypertension. As such, all measures designed to control its increase would contribute greatly to the prevention of hypertension